基于FLO-2D的泥石流工程治理效果分析——以都江堰银洞子沟泥石流为例

选取地震区典型泥石流沟银洞子沟作为研究对象,运用FLO-2D软件再现该沟2013年泥石流发生过程,验证了通过研究区雨量数据获取泥石流流量线方法的可靠性以及相关模拟参数选取的合理性。在此基础上,基于泥石流发生频率和暴雨爆发频率相同的假设,对不同爆发频率下的泥石流工程治理效果进行了分析。结果表明:工程治理后,当爆发频率为30,50 a时,工程治理效果显著;当爆发频率为100 a时,工程治理效果不显著。因此,建议相关管理部门加强极端降雨条件下泥石流的预警和防治工作。     

水泥填料对心墙沥青混凝土长期水稳定性的影响

以优选的心墙沥青混凝土配合比为基础,分别采用质量分数为12%的石灰石粉、6%水泥+6%石灰石粉、12%水泥作为填料配制沥青混凝土试件,研究水泥填料对采用天然砾石骨料的心墙沥青混凝土长期水稳定性的影响。试验结果表明:采用12%石灰石粉为填料的沥青混凝土水稳定系数随浸水时间的延长而不断减小,且在浸水75 h后水稳定系数降至0.88,已不满足心墙沥青混凝土水稳定系数大于或等于0.90的要求;采用12%水泥、6%水泥+6%石灰石粉为填料的沥青混凝土水稳定系数随浸水时间的延长先增大后减小,且在浸水375 h后达到最大,分别为1.02和0.98,在浸水1 500 h后水稳定系数仍然能够满足规范要求;用水泥替代部分石灰石粉作填料也可有效改善心墙沥青混凝土的长期水稳定性。     

Impacts of new technologies on media usage and social behaviour in domestic environments

Technological infrastructure at home is changing continuously and is becoming increasingly interconnected. Media devices, including the TV set, provide access to the Internet and offer manifold opportunities to consume media on demand. Additionally, personal devices, such as smartphones, also enable flexible consumption and sharing of media. Questions about how these technologies change the user's media usage and how these changes affect the social structure of a household, however, remain largely unanswered. In order to gain insight into the adoption of new technologies into daily routines, we explored these changes in respect of people's media usage in a qualitative long-term Living Lab study. We will present findings regarding personal routines, flexible integration of new devices into existing practices, influences on households as social systems and related issues in device access and collective use. We will highlight potentials and conflicts regarding device shifts and roles; restrictions in device access; social influences in the living room; and individual changes in media consumption.     

Nitrogen transformations during hydrolysis and nitrification of urea

Nitrogen transformations occurring in ten soils fertilized with urea were determined during incubation in the laboratory for four weeks. Urea was applied at one rate, but with different placement methods. Urea was applied in solution, as prills with a 1 cm grid spacing and as prills with no spacing. Unfertilized soils and soils amended with KNO₃ solution were included as controls.Nitrite accumulated in the majority of soils treated with urea, and the maximum nitrite concentration measured was directly related to initial soil pH. Cumulative gaseous N losses as percentages of applied N were: NH₃, 0-59.6; N₂, 0-4.9; N₂O, 0-9.9; KMnO₄-N, 0-1.3; CH₃ONO, 0-<0.1. No gaseous N evolution was detected in control treatments. Gaseous N losses were correlated with soil pH (NH₃) maximum NO ₂ ^- concentration (N₂, N₂O, KMnO₄-N) and organic C content (N₂, N₂O). Fertilizer placement effects were generally not significant and were small in comparison with differences between soils.

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Resumo Foram determinadas, durante incubação em laboratório por quatro semanas, as transformações do nitrogênio ocorridas em dez solos fertilizados com uréia. A uréia foi aplicada a um só nivel, mas com diferentes métodos de aplicação: em solução e em grânulos com 1 cm de espaçamento de grade e em grânulos sem espaçamento. Solos não fertilizados e solos corrigidos com solução de KNO₃ foram incluidos como controles.O nitrito acumulado na maioria dos solos tratados com uréia e a concentração máxima de nitrito medido foram diretamente relacionados ao pH inicial do solo. As perdas cumulativas de N gasoso tomadas em percentagens de N aplicado foram: NH₃, 0-59.6; N₂, 0-4.9; N₂O; 0-9.9; KMnO₄-N, 0-1.3; CH₃ONO, 0-<0.1. Não foi detectada liberação de N gasoso nos tratamentos de controle. As perdas de N gasoso foram relacionadas com o pH do solo (NH₃), concentração máxima de NO ₂ ^- (N₂, N₂O, KMnO₄-N) e teor de C orgânico (N₂, N₂O). Efeitos da aplicação de fertilizante não foram de um modo geral significativos e foram pequenos em comparação com as diferenças entre os solos.

     

乙炔清净液的循环回用

乙炔清净液循环回用技术解决了乙炔清净液循环回用中硫、磷等杂质的累积问题和排放水中硫、磷含量超标的问题。不仅达到安全生产,而且做到清洁生产和水资源循环利用。     

浅析电力用户终端的管理现状及对策

当前,电力用户终端管理中出现的问题越来越多,已经影响到供电企业的发展和社会的和谐。如何解决这些问题并建立有效的电力终端管理机制,是目前电力企业面临的首要问题。     

间歇窑窑墙温度场图形仿真研究

本文利用有限差分法求解间歇窑窑墙中的温度分布，并用Ｃ语言设计了窑墙温度场图形仿真软件。输入窑墙厚度和材料的物性参数等，系统可进行窑墙温度场分布的实时仿真及窑炉结构与操作的优化     

基于动态特性的D-LTSV语音端点检测方法

端点检测是语音信号处理的一个关键环节。为提高语音在低性噪比以及非平稳噪声环境下的端点检测性能,在长时信号变化特征(LTSV)的基础上提出一种新的D-LTSV语音端点检测方法。采用Bartlett-Welch方法估计语音谱,分析语音谱在长时域上的熵,利用倒谱的动态特性分析方法提取连续帧熵值的动态变化特征。实验结果表明,D-LTSV综合考虑了语音的非平稳性和帧间非平稳性的动态变化情况,具有比LTSV更好的分辨能力,特别是在低性噪比和非平稳噪声的环境下,D-LTSV的分辨能力提升了50.77%,能够准确地进行端点检测,具有更强的鲁棒性。     

基于点到弦距离累加的快速角点检测

提出了一种鲁棒的快速角点检测算法,以解决现有基于点到弦距离累加的角点检测算法存在的缺陷,即角点定位低、算法时间复杂度高等问题。该算法结合了‘单尺度’和‘多尺度’的优势,首先在‘单尺度’下获取候选角点集合,保留了邻近角点,并使得后续计算量大大降低,然后在‘多尺度’下计算候选角点的特征值,使之有效地去除伪角点。实验表明,所提算法的时间复杂度降低了,并且保持了算法的鲁棒性,角点定位精度也得到了提升。     

重金属在宽叶香蒲人工湿地系统中的分布与积累

本文通过对广东韶关凡口宽叶香蒲（Typha latifolia)人工湿地系统的进出水口，土壤剖面及四种优势植物体各部分器官中Pb,Zn,Cu和Cd含量进行分析。结果表明；重金属主要库存于土壤中。从水平上看，全量的重金属含量从进水口到出水口呈上升趋势，而有效态则相反；从土壤剖面的垂直分布上看，全量和有效态重金属含量都随土壤深度的增加而递减，四种植物都具有较强的吸收和富集重金属的能力，且主要富集在植物的地下部分。